HDAS is associated with more damage accrual, lower HRQoL and higher mortality⁵

Elevated morbidity and mortality: gender, age and racial disparities

Risk of all-cause mortality in SLE patients versus matched controls⁹

From a retrospective cohort study evaluating the causes and magnitude of SLE mortality risk⁹

Prevalence of SLE is higher in women (9:1 ratio vs men) and the black and Hispanic populations^{10, +}
Nonwhite patients with SLE tend to have more severe morbidity than white patients¹¹
1.8-fold increase in the all-cause mortality rate amongst patients with SLE compared with age- and sex-matched reference subjects.⁹

†Clinical Practice Research Datalink, Hospital Episode Statistics and national death certificates (1987-2012). HR adjusted for potential confounding factors.⁹

^‡Data based on estimates from a meta-analysis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Lupus Registries from the Georgia Lupus Registry, Michigan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance Program, California Lupus Surveillance Program and the Indian Health Service.¹⁰

^‡AMS, adjusted mean Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; GC, glucocorticoid; HDAS, high disease activity status; HR, hazard ratio; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; IFN-1, type 1 interferon; LLDAS, lupus low disease activity state; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI-2K, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000.

References:

1. Al Sawah S, Zhang X, Zhu B, et al. Effect of corticosteroid use by dose on the risk of developing organ damage over time in systemic lupus erythematosus – the Hopkins Lupus Cohort. Lupus Sci Med. 2015;2(1):e000066. 2. Kandane-Rathnayake R, Louthrenoo W, Hoi A, et al. ‘Not at target’: prevalence and consequences of inadequate disease control in systemic lupus erythematosus – a multinational observational cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2022;24(1):70. 3. Sheane BJ, Gladman DD, Su J, et al. Disease outcomes in glucocorticosteroid-naive patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017;69(2):252-256. 4. Ugarte-Gil MF, Acevedo-Vلsquez E, Alarcَn GS, et al. The number of flares patients experience impacts on damage accrual in systemic lupus erythematosus: data from a multiethnic Latin American cohort. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(6):1019-1023. 5. Kandane-Rathnayake R, Louthrenoo W, Hoi A, et al. ‘Not at target’: prevalence and consequences of inadequate disease control in systemic lupus erythematosus – a multinational observational cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2022;24(1):70. 6. Hoi A, Koelmeyer R, Bonin J, et al. Disease course following high disease activity status revealed patterns in SLE. Arthritis Res Ther. 2021;23(1):191. 7. Sharma C, Raymond W, Eilertsen G, Nossent J. Association of Achieving Lupus Low Disease Activity State Fifty Percent of the Time With Both Reduced Damage Accrual and Mortality in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2020;72(3):447-451. 8. Golder V, Kandane-Rathnayake R, Hoi AY, et al. Association of the lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) with health-related quality of life in a multinational prospective study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2017;19(1):62. 9. Bultink IEM, de Vries F, van Vollenhoven RF, Lalmohamed A. Mortality, causes of death and influence of medication use in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus vs matched controls. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021;60(1):207-216. 10. Izmirly PM, Parton H, Wang L, et al. Prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in the United States: estimates from a meta-analysis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Lupus Registries. Arthritis Rheumatol. Published online January 20, 2021. doi:10.1002/art.41632. 11. Arnauld L, Tektonidou MG. Long-term outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus: trends over time and major contributors. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020;59(suppl 5):v29-v38.

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Effect of corticosteroid use by dose on the risk of developing organ damage over time in systemic lupus erythematosus.1

HDAS is associated with more damage accrual, lower HRQoL and higher mortality5

Elevated morbidity and mortality: gender, age and racial disparities

Effect of corticosteroid use by dose on the risk of developing organ damage over time in systemic lupus erythematosus.¹

HDAS is associated with more damage accrual, lower HRQoL and higher mortality⁵